(5) The output from each stage of the flow must conform to quality standards (4) Each operation in the production flow must be carefully defined - and recorded in detail Similarly, if the required materials are not available, then the whole production line will come to a close - with potentially serious cost consequences. Since the flow production line is working continuously, it is not a good idea to use materials that vary in style, form or quality. (3) Materials used in production must be to specification and delivered on time (2) The product and/or production tasks must be standardisedįlow methods are inflexible - they cannot deal effectively with variations in the product (although some "variety" can be accomplished through applying different finishes, decorations etc at the end of the production line). keeping the flow line working during quiet periods of demand so that output can be produced efficiently. Many businesses using flow methods get round this problem by "building for stock" - i.e. If demand is unpredictable or irregular, then the flow production line can lead to a substantial build up of stocks and possibility storage difficulties. (1) There must be substantially constant demand In order that flow methods can work well, several requirements must be met: In theory, therefore, any fault or error at a particular stage In order for the flow to be smooth, the times that each task requires on each stage must be of equal length and there should be no movement off the flow production line. When it arrives at the next stage, work must start immediately on the next process. completed batches waiting for their turn to be worked on in the next operation).įlow methods are similar to batch methods - except that the problem of rest/idle production/batch queuing is eliminated.įlow has been defined as a "method of production organisation where the task is worked on continuously or where the processing of material is continuous and progressive,"įlow methods mean that as work on a task at a particular stage is complete, it must be passed directly to the next stage for processing without waiting for the remaining tasks in the "batch". Batch methods often result in the build up of significant "work in progress" or stocks (i.e. There is a high probability of poor work flow, particularly if the batches are not of the optimal size or if there is a significant difference in productivity by each operation in the process. A good example is the production of electronic instruments.īatch methods are not without their problems. This technique is probably the most commonly used method for organising manufacture. The main aims of the batch method are, therefore, to: Capital expenditure can also be kept lower although careful planning is required to ensure that production equipment is not idle. By using the batch method, it is possible to achieve specialisation of labour. Each operation is completed through the whole batch before the next operation is performed. the Millennium Dome)Īs businesses grow and production volumes increase, it is not unusual to see the production process organised so that " Batch methods" can be used.īatch methods require that the work for any task is divided into parts or operations. Decision-making process - how are decisions taking about the needs of each process in the job, labour and other resourcesĮxamples of high technology / complex jobs: film production large construction projects (e.g. Clear definitions of objectives - how should the job progress (milestones, dates, stages) The essential features of good project control for a job are: The important ingredient in high-technology job production is project management, or project control. High technology jobs: high technology jobs involve much greater complexity - and therefore present greater management challenge. This method enables customer's specific requirements to be included, often as the job progresses. Low technology jobs: here the organisation of production is extremely simply, with the required skills and equipment easily obtainable. Jobs can be small-scale/ low technology as well as complex/ high technology. With Job production, the complete task is handled by a single worker or group of workers. Similarly, several methods may be used at different stages of the overall production process. The various methods of production are not associated with a particular volume of production.
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